Prof. Dr. Tran Van Thanh
Director - National Hospital of Acupuncture
Vice President of the Central Association of Oriental Medicine
Vice President of the World Federation of Acupuncture – Moxibustion Societies (WFAS)
Introduction
Throughout the long history of the Vietnamese nation, traditional medicine has played an important role in caring for and protecting the health of the community. This traditional medicine is not only a heritage of a nation but also contains valuable cultural and intellectual values, enriching the national cultural identity. Among the famous physicians of Vietnam, Hải Thượng Lãn Ông Lê Hữu Trác stands as a symbol and a shining example, with a life and career closely linked to traditional medicine. UNESCO’s recognition of him as a World Cultural Celebrity is not only a source of national pride but also a testament to the enduring value of Vietnamese traditional medicine.
This discussion will analyze in depth the role of Hải Thượng Lãn Ông in the development of traditional medicine, the significance of his recognition by UNESCO, and the impact of this event on the development of the nation’s medical field. From there, we will gain a deeper understanding of national pride and the responsibility to preserve and promote the heritage he left behind.
I.The life, career and legacy value of Hải Thượng Lãn Ông – Lê Hữu Trác
1. Historical background and Journey to Medicine
Lê Hữu Trác, known as Hải Thượng Lãn Ông, was born in 1720 in Liêu Xá village, Đường Hào district, Thượng Hồng prefecture, which is now Yên Mỹ district in Hưng Yên province. He came from a family of scholars with a strong academic tradition and was expected to become an official in the royal court. However, after experiencing family upheavals, particularly witnessing the suffering from loved ones due to illness, Lê Hữu Trác decided to abandon the path of bureaucracy to dedicate himself to focus on medical research to help the sick.
Hải Thượng Lãn Ông’s journey to medicine was not only based on academic knowledge but also from his compassion and a spirit of dedication to society. He devoted his entire life to researching and practicing medicine, with the desire to bring health and a better life to the community. His medical career was closely linked to treating people’illnesses, and he also left behind many valuable medical documents, most prominent of which is the book “Hải Thượng y tông tâm lĩnh.”
2. The Work “Hải Thượng y tông tâm lĩnh” - A Precious Heritage of Traditional Medicine
The book “Hải Thượng y tông tâm lĩnh” by Hải Thượng Lãn Ông is regarded as one of the most important works in the history of traditional medicine in Vietnam. This work is not only the result of over 40 years of research and medical practice but also reflects his heartfelt dedication and comprehensive knowledge of traditional medicine. Comprising a total of 28 volumes, the collection is a treasure trove of medical knowledge, including theories of yin and yang, the five elements, diagnostic and treatment methods, and valuable remedies he synthesized from practical experience.
A unique aspect of “Hải Thượng y tông tâm lĩnh” is that Hải Thượng Lãn Ông did not merely apply traditional medical knowledge from China; he also developed treatment methods suitable for the constitution and conditions of the Vietnamese people. He placed great emphasis on adjusting diet and daily habits to maintain health, prioritizing the principle of disease prevention over treatment. In doing so, he laid the foundation for an independent and richly characterized traditional medicine system in Vietnam.
3. Cultural Heritage and Enduring Values
Vietnamese traditional medicine, with the significant contributions of Hải Thượng Lãn Ông, is an important part of the nation’s cultural heritage. His remedies and treatment methods are not only medical solutions but also embody profound philosophies about life and humanity. This has allowed Vietnamese traditional medicine to be more than just a method of treatment; it has become a part of national identity, enriching the country’s diverse culture. These heritage values include:
Theoretical Foundation and Comprehensive Treatment Methods:
Hải Thượng Lãn Ông laid a solid foundation for Vietnamese traditional medicine through his collection “Hải Thượng y tông tâm lĩnh,” which synthesizes theories, treatment methods, and traditional medical experiences. This legacy remains invaluable and is widely used in the diagnosis and treatment with traditional medicine today. This book is not only a medical document but also a treasure trove of extensive knowledge about the professional ethics of phycicians.
Preserving and promoting the cultural values of traditional medicine:
The legacy of Hải Thượng Lãn Ông is not only the remedies and treatment methods but also the humanitarian spirit and dedication to the community, contributing to creating the identity of Vietnamese traditional medicine. These values help preserve the tradition of treating diseases with herbs and natural methods, an intangible cultural heritage that Vietnam is proud of.
Value in the conservation and development of medicinal herbs:
Hải Thượng Lãn Ông emphasized the importance of natural medicinal herbs and how to use them scientifically. The knowledge about precious medicinal herbs, how to preserve them, and their application in treatment that he left behind contributes to the orientation for the sustainable development of medicinal herbs in today's era. This is a valuable resource for the research and conservation of rare medicinal herbs in Vietnam.
Philosophy of medical ethics and the role of a physician:
One of the valuable legacies that Hải Thượng Lãn Ông left for the next generation is not only the methods of treatment but also the philosophy of medical ethics and the way of being a physician. In the work "Y huấn cách ngôn", he emphasized that a physician not only needs knowledge but also compassion and empathy for the patient. He believed that to become a good physician, the most important thing is to have a "heart" - always putting the patient's interests first, regardless of fame and profit.
This thought has deeply influenced Vietnamese medicine, especially in the modern context, when medical ethics is becoming an increasingly important issue. Hải Thượng Lãn Ông promoted the role of ethics in medicine, considering it the foundation for building trust and prestige for physicians. This philosophy remains valuable to this day and is a guiding principle for generations of physicians to continue to promote.
The legacy of Hải Thượng Lãn Ông is an inseparable part of the history and development of Vietnamese traditional medicine, not only preserving the tradition but also being the foundation for promotion in the context of international integration.
II. The importance of recognition from UNESCO
1. Affirming the value of Vietnamese culture and medical knowledge
UNESCO’s recognition of Hải Thượng Lãn Ông as a World Cultural Celebrity is not only an honor for him personally, but also an affirmation of the cultural value and medical knowledge of Vietnam. This is an important event, helping the world recognize and honor the great contributions of Vietnamese traditional medicine, and affirming that traditional medicine is not only local but also has international value.
Traditional Vietnamese medicine, with its development since the time of Hải Thượng Lãn Ông, has built a separate system of theory and practice, suitable for the natural conditions and physical condition of the people. Folk remedies, acupuncture and acupressure methods have proven effective in treating many diseases, especially chronic diseases and diseases related to blood and energy. UNESCO's recognition is a big step forward in affirming the value and importance of traditional Vietnamese medicine in the international arena.
2. Motivation for research and development of traditional medicine
The recognition from UNESCO not only brings pride but also creates strong motivation for future generations in the research and development of traditional medicine. This is an opportunity for research institutes, universities and scientists to continue to learn more about the remedies and treatment methods of Hải Thượng Lãn Ông, thereby applying them to modern practice.
Currently, many medical universities in Vietnam have incorporated traditional medicine courses into their curricula, helping students better understand the value of traditional healing practices. Medical research institutions are also focusing on seeking solutions to integrate traditional and modern medicine to enhance treatment efficacy and meet the increasing healthcare needs of the community.
3. Inspiring the Younger Generation and Awakening National Pride
Hải Thượng Lãn Ông’s recognition by UNESCO is not only a point of pride but also a significant source of inspiration for the younger generation. His career and dedication serve as valuable lessons in patriotism, compassion, and perseverance in one’s professional path. This will encourage young generations to explore, learn, and research traditional medicine, thereby contributing to the preservation and development of this cultural heritage.
In the context of globalization, when many traditional cultural values are gradually fading, honoring figures like Hải Thượng Lãn Ông holds special significance in awakening national pride. The younger generation must not only learn from traditional values but also find ways to apply them in modern life, thus continuing the achievements passed down by their ancestors.
The recognition of Hải Thượng Lãn Ông is not just a personal honor but also a source of pride for the entire Vietnamese nation. This helps foster a spirit of unity, allowing people to recognize the value of traditional cultural heritage more clearly. In the modern context, where many cultural values are at risk of being lost, honoring cultural figures like Hải Thượng Lãn Ông becomes even more meaningful
This spirit of national pride will motivate us to collectively protect and develop the heritage of traditional medicine. This not only raises community awareness of cultural value but also serves as a driving force for future generations to continue researching and applying traditional medicine in modern life.
4. Preserving and Promoting the Heritage of Hải Thượng Lãn Ông
Preserving Cultural Heritage of Traditional Medicine
The presservation and promotion of the cultural heritage of traditional medicine, especially that of Hải Thượng Lãn Ông, should be carried out in a scientific and systematic manner. Relevant authorities need to survey, collect, and archive materials about his life and career, thus creating research documents and textbooks on traditional medicine. Valuable remedies and traditional treatment methods should also be documented, preserved, and widely disseminated so that future generations can access and apply them.
Moreover, there should be programs to preserve and develop the rare medicinal plants that Hải Thượng Lãn Ông used in his remedies. Protecting these natural resources is not only about preserving heritage but also about developing the medicinal industry, contributing to the country’s economic growth.
Developing Education and Training in Traditional Medicine
Education and training are key factors in preserving and promoting the legacy of Hải Thượng Lãn Ông. Universities and research institutes need to include traditional medicine in their official curricula while also developing specialized training programs for young practitioners. This will not only help preserve traditional medical knowledge but also encourage creativity and innovation in research and applications.
Additionally, medical centers and hospitals should enhance practical training efforts, giving medical students opportunities to engage with traditional treatment methods. The combination of theory and practice will enable young practitioners to grasp traditional medical knowledge better, thereby becoming more confident in applying it in real-life situations.
Integrating Traditional and Modern Medicine
In the modern context, integrating traditional and modern medicine is an inevitable trend. Modern medicine, with its advanced diagnostic and treatment methods, can complement traditional medicine, enhancing treatment efficacy. Conversely, traditional medicine, with its natural methods and minimal side effects, can help modern medicine mitigate the negative impacts of chemical drugs.
Medical researchers need to continue exploring and testing ways to harmoniously combine these two medical systems, thereby developing comprehensive, safe, and effective treatment methods. This not only helps preserve the heritage of traditional medicine but also improves the quality of healthcare for the people.
Organizing Cultural Events and Scientific Conferences
Organizing cultural events and scientific conferences on traditional medicine is an effective way to preserve and promote the legacy of Hải Thượng Lãn Ông. These events will not only help scientists, practitioners, and the public understand the value of traditional medicine better but also provide opportunities for young practitioners to learn, exchange experiences, and seek solutions for the future development of traditional medicine.
International conferences on traditional medicine are also occasions for Vietnam to showcase the unique values of Vietnamese traditional medicine to international friends. This not only enhances the status of Vietnamese traditional medicine on the global stage but also contributes to the overall development of global medicine.
Strengthening Education and Advocacy for Traditional Medicine
One of the most effective ways to ignite national pride is through education and advocacy efforts. Schools, from primary to university level, need to incorporate knowledge about traditional medicine into their curricula, helping students understand the value of this cultural heritage. At the same time, there should be enhanced advocacy through various media channels, helping the public better understand the significance and value of traditional medicine in everyday life.
Television programs and documentaries about the life and career of Hải Thượng Lãn Ông should also be produced to spread positive messages about medical ethics, the responsibilities of healthcare providers, and the role of traditional medicine in protecting public health. This will help raise public awareness about traditional medicine while also igniting pride in cultural values.
III. The Transformation of Traditional Medicine in Vietnam
1. Current Status and Challenges of Traditional Medicine in Vietnam
In recent years, traditional medicine in Vietnam has experienced a strong revival, with increasing interest from both the public and regulatory agencies. However, there are still many challenges facing the development of traditional medicine, including a lack of research resources, competition with modern medicine, and insufficient collaboration among healthcare facilities.
One of the biggest challenges today is the shortage of precious medicinal herbs due to overexploitation and changes in the environment. This not only affects the quality of traditional remedies but also presents difficulties in preserving and developing traditional medicine.
Moreover, the standardization and quality control in traditional medicine have yet to be implemented uniformly. Many traditional medicine products on the market have not been adequately verified for quality and effectiveness, leading to a loss of consumer trust. Furthermore, the training process for human resources faces challenges, as specialized training institutions for traditional medicine are limited, and there is no effective integration of modern medical knowledge with traditional medicine. Therefore, enhancing the quality of research and training, combined with strengthening collaboration among healthcare facilities and closely managing medicinal herb resources, becomes crucial to addressing these challenges.
Another challenge is the protection of intellectual property rights for traditional remedies. Currently, many valuable remedies have not been registered for copyright or are not adequately protected, leading to copying, counterfeiting, or commercialization that does not benefit the practitioners and researchers. This not only diminishes the value of traditional medicine but also affects the sustainable development of this field.
Additionally, changing modern lifestyles have caused people to gradually distance themselves from traditional treatment methods, resulting in the overshadowing of Western medicine. Raising awareness and promoting the value of traditional medicine is essential to maintain and enhance national identity in healthcare.
Beyond challenges related to medicinal herbs, traditional medicine faces several other difficulties in achieving sustainable development in today’s era:
Technology and Digital Transformation: While modern medicine increasingly applies high technology in diagnosis and treatment, traditional medicine struggles to adopt technological advances. The lack of a digital transformation foundation to digitize remedies, treatment processes, and store traditional medical records hinders expansion and sustainable development.
Scientific Research and Efficacy Validation: A significant challenge is the lack of large-scale clinical studies to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of traditional medicine treatments. This leads to skepticism among many people, limiting the recognition and use of traditional medicine as a reliable treatment method.
Social Prejudice: Traditional medicine is often perceived as outdated or less effective compared to Western medicine. This bias hinders its popularity and development, especially when many people tend to prefer quick and advanced treatment methods.
Training System and Workforce: There is a shortage of highly qualified human resources in traditional medicine, and the training system has not kept pace with societal developments. There are not many educational programs that comprehensively integrate both modern and traditional medicine, making it difficult to inherit and develop traditional knowledge.
Policies and Legal Framework: The legal system and policies supporting traditional medicine are still limited and do not strongly encourage the preservation and promotion of traditional medicine’s value. This slows down the development process and integration of traditional medicine into the modern healthcare system.
2. Proposals and Solutions
To overcome the challenges facing traditional medicine, the following practical measures should be implemented:
Application of Technology and Digital Transformation:
To enhance management and research effectiveness, investment is needed in digitizing traditional remedies and treatment methods. Creating digital databases that allow for the retrieval and storage of information about medicinal herbs, patient records, and treatment processes will facilitate knowledge sharing and more effective management. Additionally, digital health applications, AI, and smart technology can support remote diagnosis and consultations.
Promoting Scientific Research:
Investment in scientific research is essential to demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of traditional remedies and treatments. The government and health organizations should fund clinical studies to establish a solid scientific basis for the use of traditional medicine, thereby increasing public trust and integration with the modern healthcare system. Collaborating with international organizations can also promote research and standardization according to international standards.
Education and Community Awareness:
Strengthening public awareness campaigns about the value and effectiveness of traditional medicine through mass media and community education is necessary. Medical training programs should integrate both traditional and modern medicine, ensuring that medical students understand and respect both healthcare systems. This will help shift societal perceptions, especially among the younger generation, regarding the importance and potential of traditional medicine.
Enhancing the Quality of Human Resource Training:
Developing comprehensive training programs in traditional medicine that integrate modern medical knowledge is vital. Providing opportunities for practitioners and students to conduct research and exchange experiences both domestically and internationally is essential. Particularly, coordination among educational institutions, research institutes, and hospitals is needed to train and enhance the skills of traditional medicine practitioners.
Developing Sustainable Medicinal Herb Resources:
To address the issue of medicinal herb shortages, it is necessary to establish sustainably managed medicinal herb cultivation areas while preserving rare species. Modern, environmentally friendly farming methods should be applied, and the involvement of local businesses and cooperatives in the production and processing of medicinal herbs should be encouraged.
Strengthening Legal Framework and Support Policies:
The government needs to enact and enforce policies that encourage the development of traditional medicine, including protecting intellectual property rights for traditional remedies and methods. Additionally, financial support programs, such as tax exemptions for research and medicinal herb production facilities, should be established. Legal support and transparent mechanisms for registering copyrights and producing traditional medicine products should also be provided.
Promoting International Cooperation:
Strengthening international collaboration with countries that have developed traditional medicine systems will allow for the exchange of experiences and management models. Connecting with international organizations can also help standardize and improve the quality of traditional medicine, thereby facilitating better integration into the global healthcare system.
Integrating Traditional and Modern Medicine in Treatment:
Creating models that combine traditional and modern medicine for disease treatment is necessary. General hospitals can establish departments or centers for traditional medicine alongside modern healthcare services, allowing patients to access both treatment methods. This integration will leverage the strengths of both systems, providing comprehensive and optimal treatment outcomes.
Developing High-Quality Commercial Traditional Medicine Products:
Encouraging the development of traditional medicine products, such as drugs and functional foods, into internationally standard commercial products is crucial. Research and development of these products must adhere to strict quality, safety, and production process standards. Promoting international certification for herbal products will expand their export potential in global markets.
Developing Medical Tourism Combined with Traditional Medicine:
Leveraging the potential of medical tourism is a new development trend. Vietnam can develop programs for medical tourism based on traditional medicine, attracting international visitors to experience therapies such as acupuncture, massage, and the use of medicinal herbs. This will not only promote traditional medicine but also contribute to the economic development of tourism.
Increasing Participation of Private Enterprises:
Encouraging private enterprises to invest in traditional medicine, particularly in research, medicinal herb production, and new product development, is essential. Public-private partnerships can help scale up production and application of traditional medicine while fostering innovation in this field.
Encouraging Innovation and Improvement in Traditional Medicine:
It is important to promote creativity in developing new treatment methods based on traditional medicine. Combining traditional knowledge with advanced technologies, such as biotechnology and big data analysis, can lead to more effective and advanced treatment methods in the future.
Building a Community of Traditional Medicine Users:
Establishing communities, online forums, or organizing themed events about traditional medicine to connect interested individuals—from practitioners and researchers to consumers—is crucial. These communities will help share experiences and enhance interaction between users and experts, thereby promoting sustainable development of traditional medicine.
Conclusion
The recognition of Hải Thượng Lãn Ông as a UNESCO World Cultural Figure is not only a source of pride for the Vietnamese people but also a significant milestone in preserving and promoting the heritage of traditional medicine. This affirms that Vietnamese traditional medicine, with its valuable cultural and intellectual contributions, holds both national and international significance.
To continue developing traditional medicine, it is necessary to enhance research efforts, integrate traditional medicine with modern practices, and seize opportunities for international cooperation to elevate the status of Vietnamese traditional medicine on the global stage. Preserving and promoting the legacy of Hải Thượng Lãn Ông is not just the responsibility of one generation but a collective mission for the entire nation, ensuring that the cultural heritage of Vietnamese traditional medicine continues to be preserved and developed, contributing to global public health.